ss

ss is a network tool for displaying detailed information about network sockets, connections, and statistics. It provides a more advanced alternative to the netstat command and is often used for troubleshooting network issues, analyzing network performance, and monitoring network activity. The ss command supports a wide range of options and filtering criteria, making it a flexible and versatile tool for network administration.

Basic Syntax

ss [options]

Here, options are the various command-line options that can be used to specify the desired output format, filtering criteria, and other options.

Commonly Used Options

• t: This displays information about TCP sockets.
• u: This displays information about UDP sockets.
• a: This displays information about all sockets, including listening sockets.
• n: This displays numeric addresses instead of resolving hostnames.
• p: This displays the process ID and name associated with each socket.
• e: This displays extended information about each socket.
• i: This displays information about network interfaces.
• r: This displays routing table information.
• o: This displays a timer based on the last packet received.
• h: This displays help information.

Useful Examples

• ss: This displays a list of all open sockets.
• ss -t: This displays information about all TCP sockets.
• ss -u: This displays information about all UDP sockets.
• ss -a: This displays information about all sockets, including listening sockets.
• ss -n: This displays numeric addresses instead of resolving hostnames.
• ss -p: This displays the process ID and name associated with each socket.
• ss -e: This displays extended information about each socket.
• ss -i: This displays information about network interfaces.
• ss -r: This displays routing table information.
• ss -o: This displays a timer based on the last packet received.
• ss -t -n 'sport = :80': This displays information about all TCP sockets with a source port of 80.
• ss -t -n 'dport = :22': This displays information about all TCP sockets with a destination port of 22.
• ss -t -n 'state = established': This displays information about all TCP sockets that are in the established state.
• ss -l -p: This displays information about all listening sockets, including the process ID and name associated with each one.